Jolibee

How Does The Jollibee Compete To Mc Donald In inexpensive Food Industry In Phillipine A. Foundation McDonald’s and Jollibee are two cheap food ties that contend to selling cheeseburgers in the Philippines. McDonald’s is an American claimed organization while Jollibee was established in Philippine. Jollibee has in excess of 500 stores in the Philippines and 25 in different nations, selling the greater part a million burgers consistently and McDonald's has around 250 outlets in the Philippines. Jollibee has accomplishment to be the biggest food organization in Philippine, with deals of 21. 7 billion pesos, or $397 million, in 2004, up 13. percent from a year sooner. Jollibee respecst to the neighborhood tastes, not at all like McDonald’s which was compelled by its commitment to stay dedicated to its center items, Jollibee was adaptable. This case tell how the opposition among McDonald’s and Jollibee utilize their procedure to ruled both neighborhood and worl dwide market. Jollibee ,which was a Filipino chain of cafés, had to change their methodology with the section of McDonalds in Philippines, which later changed the organization into a worldwide organization. The organization confronted genuine difficulties with their universal introduction. B.Case Issues McDonald’s gets acclaimed in Indonesia in light of the fact that operational effectiveness, greatness administration, and furthermore inventive showcasing methodology. McDonald’s give 24 hours administrations, conveyance administrations, and give some toys for kids when purchase their item. This circumstance differentiate in Phillipines. In 1975, Tony Tan Caktiong and his siblings opened a frozen yogurt store which developed to burgers and other cheap food. In spite of the fact that imitated United States sorts of menu, he built up their own image named jollibee. Jollibee has numerous accomplishment. In 1981, Jollibee entered the rundown of the best 1,000 corporations. In 1984, it was the main 500 rundown and commanded nearby cheap food showcase. The quality of Jollibee is comprehend what their clients need. They offer rice, spaghetti and sauce which is appropriate with Fillipino's taste when the other inexpensive food not offer it. Jollibee has menu variety such wiener, French fries and progressively asian menus. Jollibee entered the market 80s when Philipines was in the large issues. They intensely put resources into the quantity of their stores around then in this way, when McDonald’s entered, it was past the point of no return, McDonald’s lost such a large number of areas and Jollibee could delighted in zero rivalry in certain areas.Jollibee made by Fillipino, so the other Fillipino who eats it will feel glad and give passionate fulfillment advantage. C. Business Environment Analysis (External and Internal) STRENGTHS * Jollibee comprehend what their clients need. While other fastfood eateries never offer rice and spaghetti in Phi llipines, Jollibee offers it as their courses. * Jolibee rule the nearby market in Phillipines WEAKNESSES * Only overwhelmed the phillpines showcase, hard to development to outside. * The advertising aptitudes are not successful * Poor co-appointment between the national and universal units. Has assortment of item yet sells in various market OPPORTUNITIES THREATS * Phillipines is one of rural nation, get crude materials is simpler * Increase stores will decrease the transportation cost * Competition with nearby and global organizations * Develop their business to abroad D. Advertising and Human Resource Manajemen Marketing Jollibee contend McDonald’s with these thing : * Jollibee was the first to enter the market * His cost is less expensive than his rival * Know the flavors of customer and be flexibleJolibee ought to rival KFC and McDonald’s which have high brand an incentive to entered worldwide market. There are such a significant number of adversaries to entered th e universal market, Jollibee ought to have development showcasing technique to sells his item. The achievement key are acceptable food, acceptable help and sensible cost. Jollibee manufacture advantage serious to get more shopper. The organization has great inside monetary assets yet a specific code ought to be kept up in the relationship with the franchisee. HR Human assets be the significant factor to be accomplishment in sort out a business.Excellence HR will give large effect on the business. Both serve to satisfy the objectives, needs of representatives, and to guarantee that they have the essential assets to effectively finish their obligations. Jollibee has arrange his HR with : * Jollibee gives first class benefits in the entirety of its outlets. * Making fun and well disposed condition. * Do rigid enrollment and determination methodology to staff to man its outlets * Training programs outfit its staff with the essential abilities expected to more readily play out their assi gnments. * Give more pay to his staffWith these procedures, Jollibee can make an exclusive requirements and greatness administrations of workplace . E. Taking everything into account, Jollibee has accomplishment to contend with McDonald’s in Philliphines , yet in International market McDonald’s still be the champ. The business give clients more by being delicate and receptive to their changing tastes and needs by adding a neighborhood flavor to his item extend. By and large, these progressions surely kept Jollibee on the ball, as 10 years later, their prosperity would be so extraordinary as to earn the Entrepreneur of the Year Award by Ernst and Young for author Tony Tan Caktiong.Reference : http://www. docshare. com/doc/122235/Jollibee-Foods-Corporation-Strategic-Manageme http://www. docstoc. com/docs/9481476/McDonalds-Company-Background-Products-Competitors-And-Positioning http://www. jollibee. com. ph/about-us http://favoritefilipinofoods. blog. com/2011/07/09/mcdon ald%E2%80%99s-or-jollibee-what-is-the-better-natural pecking order for-you/http://www. kaskus. us/showthread. php? p=166683666 http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/McDonald%27s

The Complete List of SAT Subject Tests

The Complete List of SAT Subject Tests SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT Subject Tests are an opportunity for you to show where you have specific information. With these tests, you can demonstrate to universities which subjects intrigue you and which you've set aside the effort to become more acquainted with well. All things considered, how might you choose which SAT Subject Test to take? Initially, how about we investigate all the SAT Subject Tests from which you can pick. Rundown of SAT Subject Tests Altogether, there are21 SAT Subject Tests (we're checking Biology E and Biology M as two separate tests). Nine of these tests spread four center branches of knowledge English writing, history, math, and science: Writing US History World History Math Level 1 Math Level 2 Science - Ecological Science - Molecular Science Material science The other12 Subject Tests spread nine distinct dialects. Half of these tests have a listening part: French French with Listening German German with Listening Spanish Spanish with Listening Present day Hebrew Italian Latin Chinese with Listening Japanese with Listening Korean with Listening Essentially put,there are 21 unique varieties of tests to look over. All SAT Subject tests spread 13 branches of knowledge four center courses and nine dialects. Presently, how about we investigate what number of understudies step through each SAT Subject Exam, from most to least. We'll likewise show you the normal scores these understudies accomplish on the tests: SAT Subject Test Normal Score # of Test Takers (2016-18) Math Level 2 693 427,765 Science 666 208,588 US History 640 178,258 Material science 667 169,950 Math Level 1 605 162,998 Writing 607 150,361 Sub-atomic Biology 650 116,622 Natural Biology 618 91,866 Spanish 647 51,808 World History 622 43,660 French 628 18,725 Chinese with Listening 760 13,173 Latin 626 7,088 Spanish with Listening 662 6,937 Korean with Listening 761 5,364 French with Listening 668 3,819 Japanese with Listening 703 3,436 German 620 1,875 Italian 666 1,396 German with Listening 618 1,297 Present day Hebrew 612 980 Source: SAT Subject Tests Percentile Ranks As should be obvious, the tests dependent on center courses-i.e., writing, math, history, and science-will in general pull in the biggest number of understudies. With regards to tests that have tuning in and non-listening alternatives, more understudies regularly decide on the non-Listening choice. You'll additionally see a huge variety in the normal scores of SAT Subject Tests. A higher mean score doesn't really imply that the test is simpler; instead,it likely implies that understudies who choose that test realize that subject outrageously well. Look at our examination of which SAT Subject Tests are the most straightforward dependent on their normal scores and different variables. Since you know what choices you have, how might you choose which Subject Test to take? Step by step instructions to Decide Which SAT Subject Tests to Take So as to choose which Subject Tests to take, you'll have to consider an assortment of variables, from what sorts of tests universities need to what subjects you're particularly gifted at. We acquaint three significant inquiries with pose to yourself before you focus on a specific Subject Test. #1: What Do the Colleges You're Applying to Want? For one thing, you have to know the testing necessities of the universities you're applying to.How many Subject Tests does every one of your schools need you to take? Is it accurate to say that one is an innovation school that will investigate your insight in math and science? Or on the other hand would one say one is a human sciences school that needs you to show a scope of capacities by stepping through one exam in writing and another in math? A few schools have adoptedtest-discretionary or test-adaptable policies,which implies you may have the option to submit scores from Subject Tests instead of scores from the general SAT or ACT. Look at our article for the full rundown of schools with these strategies. These methodologies can be extremely useful for you to know as they let you shape your application such that's best for you. Another factor to consider is position in school classes. A few schools may lean toward listening language tests to non-listening language tests, for instance, since they show that additional element of familiarity. In case you're a local speaker, the listening language test will probably be really simple for you to accomplish an extraordinary score on. In case you're not a local speaker, in any case, you need to ensure that your language abilities have arrived at an extremely elevated level before taking a language Subject Test. School prerequisites and desires assume the greatest job where SAT Subject Tests you choose to take. Be that as it may, inside those necessities, you may even now have a few choices. Presently you need to consider where you can best exhibit your subject authority. #2: Which Subjects Do You Know Best? The SAT Subject Tests test your insight into a specific subject as opposed to your thinking abilities. Thusly, they're firmly lined up with your secondary school classes and the finals or AP tests you take to exhibit your substance and reasonable information. Since individuals frequently commit more opportunity to finding out about things that really intrigue them, the SAT Subject Tests basically mention to an anecdote about you-what you're keen on and have devoted time to comprehension. For example, ifyou love perusing and breaking down books, you ought to presumably take the Literature test. Not exclusively will you be bound to get a high score on it, yet you'll additionally be showing your own advantages to affirmations officials. As should be obvious, the SAT Subject Tests offer one all the more way you can individualize your school applications and recount to a tale about your character and personality. Coincidentally, did you realize you have six possibilities per year to take a Subject Test?In different words, you don't need to hold up until your lesser year to take one. You may be prepared to take the Biology or Chemistry tests, for instance, toward the finish of your green bean or sophomore year. The two Math tests, then again, normally require quite a while of secondary school-level math. In spite of the numerous open doors you need to step through a SAT Subject Examination, by and large speaking,the best time to take one isnear the finish of the school year,when you've been concentrating all the pertinent material and the substance is still new in your brain. #3: Which Format Is Best for You? The third and last factor has to do with the organization of the Subject Test. As we've addressed over, a few tests have language segments while others don't, and others, for example, the Biology tests-have two unique adaptations to look over. Language Tests As referenced beforehand, the French, Spanish, and German language tests offer tuning in and non-listening alternatives. In the event that you have solid listening abilities, the listening renditions of the tests will be an incredible method to show familiarity. They may likewise put you in a more elevated level once you get to school. (Check with the individual school on this approach as some have their own position tests.) On the off chance that you don't feel sure about your listening aptitudes, then again, your most logical option is take the non-listening alternative or another SAT Subject Test by and large. The language tests will in general be hard to score profoundly on if your language aptitudes are constrained to a study hall condition. Science Is it true that you are interested by populaces and vitality stream inside frameworks? Or then again do you like to know how cells work and discussion about the intricate details of photosynthesis? There are two choices for the Biology Subject Test: Ecological Biology and Molecular Biology. While the two tests share a center 60 inquiries, each likewise has an extra 20 inquiries with either a biological or atomic core interest. You can additionally investigate the contrasts between these two tests and attempt practice inquiries here. Math In case you're taking a math Subject Test, you need to settle on Math Level 1 and Math Level 2. For Level 1, you'll have to have taken in any event two years of variable based math and one year of geometry. On the other hand, for Level 2, you ought to have taken these in addition to some trigonometry and pre-analytics. The two tests expect you to utilize a diagramming adding machine, however Level 2 requires progressively complex utilization of the mini-computer. You can become familiar with the Math Level 1and Math Level 2tests by visiting the College Board site. Just like the case with the listening language tests, Math Level 2 has a higher mean score and lower standard deviation, which means most understudies who take it score close to the generally high mean score of 693. In this way, in case you're not overly positive about your math aptitudes, it'll likely be harder to score in a high percentile. What's more, don't be frightened on the off chance that you score a 800 on SAT Math 2 and see you're just in the top 79th percentile-getting an ideal score matters more than what percentile it is! End: Finding the Best SAT Subject Tests for You At last, you're the master on your own learning. You realize what dazzles you or makes you nod off. You likewise know whether you learn best by observing, tuning in, doing, or consolidating a portion of these techniques. You've presumably as of now been attracted to and picked the secondary school classes that will figure out which tests on this rundown of SAT Subject Tests you should take. You realize yourself better than any other person, so as long as you inquire about the Subject Tests and have a solid feeling of what'll be on them-and comprehend what your schools' necessities are!- you will settle on the correct choice about SAT Subject Tests. What's Next? Another significant thought about SAT Subject Tests is when to take them-particularly when you need to plan them around the standard SAT/ACT and all your different exercises. Look at our article on thebest dates to step through the SAT Subject Examinations. Are you additionally reading for the SAT or ACT?Read about when you should begin planning and how you can structure a reasonable SAT/ACT plan. Need that desired 1600 SAT score o

Improve Your Critical Thinking Skills with the Corson Technique

Improve Your Critical Thinking Skills with the Corson Technique EP 39: Improve Your Critical Thinking Skills with the Corson Technique EP 39: Improve Your Critical Thinking Skills with the Corson Technique As we move towards a world where there is increased access to technology and a variety of information there is a need to develop critical thinking skills. What better way to do this than to practice while you are in university or college? On Episode 39 we will discuss the Corson technique, a method of critical thinking that you can implement into your life and your college courses right away. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] Hi guys and welcome back to our channel. My name is Cath Anne: and this is episode 39 of the Homework Help Show hosted by Homework Help Global. [00:00:10] On this show we provide you with valuable content for your academic and student life. Lets jump in. [00:00:24] As we move towards a world where there is increased access to technology and information there is an ever growing need to develop critical thinking skills. What a better way to do this than to practice while you are in university or college. This week we discuss the Corson Technique, a technique of critical thinking developed by Dale Corson. [00:00:49] Corson was the eighth president of Cornell University. He was a physicist, activist and highly intelligent critical thinker. [00:00:58] If you make an effort to apply the Corson Technique in your own life you will essentially become a better problem solver. You will learn how to think analytically and you will learn how to break problems down into smaller components that are easier to understand. Your reasoning skills will become more balanced and you will feel more confident in your ability to make decisions. Being a critical problem solver will become a skill that you can apply to your everyday life. You will be confident in your ability to break problems down into smaller components and find answers to more challenging questions. When you have the skills you will be more apt to engage in critical thinking and to participate in the process of problem solving. [00:01:47] I truly do believe in the value of developing stronger critical thinking skills. However dont take my word for it. As Michael Fulnan so confidently asserts the moral purpose of education is to equip students with the skills that will enable them to be productive citizens when they finish school. While computers and digital technologies play a central role in the development and utilization of the skills the more essential skills for the 21st century learning in occupations relate not just to the application of technology but more importantly to the ability to engage in independent critical thinking and a high level of problem solving often using technology. [00:02:32] So essentially what is being said here is that the more that we have access to technology and information on a daily basis the more we are going to need critical thinking skills in order to break down problems and to be more analytical. Techniques like the Corson Method allow us to develop these critical high level problem solving skills. [00:02:55] One problem is that many college and university students expect to understand concepts right out of the gate. If they do not understand a concept immediately they get frustrated and immediately ask the professor for help. If a concept doesnt make sense right away they seem to feel panicky or it initiates feelings of stress. Unfortunately this is just not the way to solve problems. [00:03:23] So lets talk about the Corson method. The Corson technique break problems down into reasonable and analytical questions. It involves breaking a question down into multiple components which are easily understood. I first learned about this technique through the YouTube for Thomas Frank from CollegeInfoGeek. Here are some steps to implement the Corson Method into your routine. [00:03:51] If you are facing a complex problem, break it down into smaller components. If you get stuck, ask yourself what is it that I do not understand. [00:04:03] Break each small question down and then ask yourself where are you getting stuck. [00:04:08] Give yourself at least 15 minutes on each component of the question in order to understand exactly where you are going wrong or what you dont understand. [00:04:18] Consult with other students after the 15 minutes. Maybe they have an idea of how to solve the problem that youre not thinking of. [00:04:25] If you are truly stuck then go to your professor after the 15 minutes be able to show your professor exactly where you are getting stuck and ask them a very specific question about the problem you are having. What youre hoping to avoid here is going to the professor right away as soon as you get the question without taking the time to break it down and understand where you might be going wrong or where there might be a misunderstanding. [00:04:54] If you use the Corson technique you are strengthening your critical thinking skills. It also has lots of other benefits too. For one your professor is going to be super happy that you are not running to them every five seconds with a new question. You wont be saving the professors time and you will help them to understand the exact context of the problem with your question. The professor well understand that you actually give a care about what they are teaching and theyll get a much better impression of you. Youre also going to be showing yourself how to learn critically and analyze information as you acquire it and in turn youre going to retain more information if you engage in problems more effectively. You are going to gain more information over time and youll retain that information for a longer period of time because youve taken some time to wrestle with it yourself by going head to head with a problem you might very well solve yourself and you might not even need so me assistance from your professor. Think about it you might even be able to help other students as they progress along their learning journey. [00:06:01] When you engage fully in a question you are actually exercising muscles in your brain that is going to help you to learn and to practice those critical thinking skills over time. And these are going to be strengthened as you progress through your university degree and when you move into the workplace. In essence using the Corson technique will make you a better learner youll become more popular your professors and youll develop skills that you can carry with you as you move into the professional field. Its really going to help when you are working in an environment that asks you to engage in analytical thinking and you already have these skills. As I mentioned before we are moving into a world where technology and information is all around us and one of the most invaluable skills that you can have is to be able to be analytical and develop critical thinking skills. So the Corson Method is an amazing way to practice this and exercise those critical thinking muscles in your brain. [00:07:05] OK so thats it for me this week guys! I have confidence that the Corson Method will be of benefit in your lives and if it is please give us a shout in the comments below and let us know if you have implemented it into your life. If you like this video and you want to see more of our content make sure to give it a thumbs up and subscribe to our channel. As always if you have any questions hit us up in the comments below or on any of our social media platforms in the in the description box below. Improve Your Critical Thinking Skills with the Corson Technique EP 39: Improve Your Critical Thinking Skills with the Corson Technique EP 39: Improve Your Critical Thinking Skills with the Corson Technique As we move towards a world where there is increased access to technology and a variety of information there is a need to develop critical thinking skills. What better way to do this than to practice while you are in university or college? On Episode 39 we will discuss the Corson technique, a method of critical thinking that you can implement into your life and your college courses right away. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] Hi guys and welcome back to our channel. My name is Cath Anne: and this is episode 39 of the Homework Help Show hosted by Homework Help Global. [00:00:10] On this show we provide you with valuable content for your academic and student life. Lets jump in. [00:00:24] As we move towards a world where there is increased access to technology and information there is an ever growing need to develop critical thinking skills. What a better way to do this than to practice while you are in university or college. This week we discuss the Corson Technique, a technique of critical thinking developed by Dale Corson. [00:00:49] Corson was the eighth president of Cornell University. He was a physicist, activist and highly intelligent critical thinker. [00:00:58] If you make an effort to apply the Corson Technique in your own life you will essentially become a better problem solver. You will learn how to think analytically and you will learn how to break problems down into smaller components that are easier to understand. Your reasoning skills will become more balanced and you will feel more confident in your ability to make decisions. Being a critical problem solver will become a skill that you can apply to your everyday life. You will be confident in your ability to break problems down into smaller components and find answers to more challenging questions. When you have the skills you will be more apt to engage in critical thinking and to participate in the process of problem solving. [00:01:47] I truly do believe in the value of developing stronger critical thinking skills. However dont take my word for it. As Michael Fulnan so confidently asserts the moral purpose of education is to equip students with the skills that will enable them to be productive citizens when they finish school. While computers and digital technologies play a central role in the development and utilization of the skills the more essential skills for the 21st century learning in occupations relate not just to the application of technology but more importantly to the ability to engage in independent critical thinking and a high level of problem solving often using technology. [00:02:32] So essentially what is being said here is that the more that we have access to technology and information on a daily basis the more we are going to need critical thinking skills in order to break down problems and to be more analytical. Techniques like the Corson Method allow us to develop these critical high level problem solving skills. [00:02:55] One problem is that many college and university students expect to understand concepts right out of the gate. If they do not understand a concept immediately they get frustrated and immediately ask the professor for help. If a concept doesnt make sense right away they seem to feel panicky or it initiates feelings of stress. Unfortunately this is just not the way to solve problems. [00:03:23] So lets talk about the Corson method. The Corson technique break problems down into reasonable and analytical questions. It involves breaking a question down into multiple components which are easily understood. I first learned about this technique through the YouTube for Thomas Frank from CollegeInfoGeek. Here are some steps to implement the Corson Method into your routine. [00:03:51] If you are facing a complex problem, break it down into smaller components. If you get stuck, ask yourself what is it that I do not understand. [00:04:03] Break each small question down and then ask yourself where are you getting stuck. [00:04:08] Give yourself at least 15 minutes on each component of the question in order to understand exactly where you are going wrong or what you dont understand. [00:04:18] Consult with other students after the 15 minutes. Maybe they have an idea of how to solve the problem that youre not thinking of. [00:04:25] If you are truly stuck then go to your professor after the 15 minutes be able to show your professor exactly where you are getting stuck and ask them a very specific question about the problem you are having. What youre hoping to avoid here is going to the professor right away as soon as you get the question without taking the time to break it down and understand where you might be going wrong or where there might be a misunderstanding. [00:04:54] If you use the Corson technique you are strengthening your critical thinking skills. It also has lots of other benefits too. For one your professor is going to be super happy that you are not running to them every five seconds with a new question. You wont be saving the professors time and you will help them to understand the exact context of the problem with your question. The professor well understand that you actually give a care about what they are teaching and theyll get a much better impression of you. Youre also going to be showing yourself how to learn critically and analyze information as you acquire it and in turn youre going to retain more information if you engage in problems more effectively. You are going to gain more information over time and youll retain that information for a longer period of time because youve taken some time to wrestle with it yourself by going head to head with a problem you might very well solve yourself and you might not even need so me assistance from your professor. Think about it you might even be able to help other students as they progress along their learning journey. [00:06:01] When you engage fully in a question you are actually exercising muscles in your brain that is going to help you to learn and to practice those critical thinking skills over time. And these are going to be strengthened as you progress through your university degree and when you move into the workplace. In essence using the Corson technique will make you a better learner youll become more popular your professors and youll develop skills that you can carry with you as you move into the professional field. Its really going to help when you are working in an environment that asks you to engage in analytical thinking and you already have these skills. As I mentioned before we are moving into a world where technology and information is all around us and one of the most invaluable skills that you can have is to be able to be analytical and develop critical thinking skills. So the Corson Method is an amazing way to practice this and exercise those critical thinking muscles in your brain. [00:07:05] OK so thats it for me this week guys! I have confidence that the Corson Method will be of benefit in your lives and if it is please give us a shout in the comments below and let us know if you have implemented it into your life. If you like this video and you want to see more of our content make sure to give it a thumbs up and subscribe to our channel. As always if you have any questions hit us up in the comments below or on any of our social media platforms in the in the description box below.

Fdi Boon or Bane - 5112 Words

FDI FDI in Retail –BOON OR BANE *MD13109* Abstract: India is the attractive and profit oriented market for the investment to developed countries. Despite its good surplus and evergreen sector, the Retail-business in India lacks in Capital Investment and lack of transparency. The retailers are just focusing on urban sector and are unable to penetrate in rural sector. FDI can be one solution that will lead to the expected development. If FDI is allowed in Retail-sector, it will help Retailers to gain more profits thus eliminating the flaws in the current system. As per government norms, if FDI is allowed then 50% of the total FDI has to be invested in backend infrastructure. This will improve the processing, distribution, packing amp;†¦show more content†¦In the past decades, FDI was concerned only with highly industrialized countries. US were the world’s largest recipient of FDI during 2006 with an investment of 184 million from OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries. France, Greece, Iceland, Poland, Slovak Republic, Switzerland and Turkey also have a positive record in FDI investments. Now, during the course of time, FDI has become a vital part in every country more particularly with the developing countries. This is because of the following reasons: * Availability of cheap labor. * Uninterrupted availability of raw material. * Less production cost compared with other developed countries. * Quick and easy market penetration. FDI in the Retail sector: Retailing is one of the world’s largest private industries. Liberalizations in FDI have caused a massive restructuring in retail industry. The benefit of FDI in retail industry superimposes its cost factors. Opening the retail industry to FDI will bring forth benefits in terms of advance employment, organized retail stores, availability of quality products at a better and cheaper price. It enables a countries product or service to enter into the global market. Cheaper production facilities: FDI will ensure better operations in production cycle and distribution. Due to economies of operation, production facilities will be available at a cheaper rate thereby resulting in availability of variety products toShow MoreRelatedEnvironment For Fdi : An Ambitious Campaign1162 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironment for FDI: In the year 2014, the Government of India launched an ambitious campaign called the â€Å"Make in India†. The campaign’s main aim is to build and further develop the country’s manufacturing industry by making the country attractive for FDI. As a result of the launch of the campaign, within merely 9 months, from 2014 October to 2015 June, there was a rise in FDI by almost 40%. 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Various views about the topic are discussed below gives an idea about acceptance level of FDI in Higher Education Mixed opinions about FDI in Indian Education A significant number of academics, especially the left-leaning educationists in Kerala, are not in favour of the entryRead MoreGlobal Business Environment8475 Words   |  34 Pagesbarriers After the World War II the lowering of trade barriers led to the free flow of goods, services, and capital between nations. In additions to lowering of trade barriers, many countries have also removed restrictions on barriers to FDI. These two changes made the laws less restrictive there by encouraging both inward and outward investment by foreign firms. 2. The role of technological change Advances in microprocessors and telecommunication Emergence of the internet

The Raven vs. The First Snowfall - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 613 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/17 Category Literature Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Tags: Romanticism Essay Did you like this example? The Raven vs. The First Snowfall During the time period of Romanticism, many great poets emerged. Two of the best poets during this time period included Edgar Allen Poe and James Russell Lowell. Throughout these poet’s lives, they suffered many tragic deaths among their friends and families and decided to write about them. One of Poe’s greatest poems was called The Raven and one of Lowell’s greatest poems was called The First Snowfall. Since these two poems speak about death, they are very similar in somber tone, funeral images, and gothic elements, which all create a mournful mood. One of the ways that The Raven and The First Snowfall are similar is how the somber tone throughout the poems creates a mournful mood. â€Å"Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary† (1). This quote from The Raven is an example of somber tone because it sets a dark tone to help develop the mournful mood of the poem. â€Å"And thought of the lead en sky† (26). This specific quote from The First Snowfall is a great example of a somber tone because is speaks about how the sky is a dull, gray color. The somber tone of these two poems is what makes them so similar, but there are more ways that show how they can be even more similar. The second way that The Raven and The First Snowfall are similar is by the funeral images both authors describe in their poems. One of the funeral images used by Edgar Allen Poe in The Raven is the quote: â€Å"And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor† (8). In this quote, he is trying to describe the fire as dying to represent his lover who had just died. One of the funeral images used by James Russell Lowell in The First Snowfall is used in the quote: â€Å"The noiseless work of the sky† (14). What the author is trying to describe here is that everything around him is silent because they are saddened by his daughter’s death. These two funeral im ages used by the authors are another way the poems create a mournful mood and how they are similar. The way that they are similar is that the authors are making images with their words to help the reader’s understand the tragic deaths they had to struggle through. Even though there are a more ways that make these poems similar, there is ne final way that pretty much ties everything together. This way is the use of gothic elements throughout the poems. â€Å"Quoth the Raven†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (44). This gothic element speaks about the supernatural element of the bird talking. This shows that the narrator is going completely insane over the fact that his lover had died. â€Å"Then with eyes that saw not, I kissed her† (37). The gothic element that Lowell is trying to describe is that his daughter had just died. What Lowell wants the reader’s to know is that he kissed his daughter for the final time because she had died. The topic of the gothic elements is the final way the poems create a mournful mood and that the elements make the two poems similar because the authors use them to describe the death in their poems. During the Romanticism time period, two poems emerged that were quite similar. They were The Raven by Edgar Allen Poe and The First Snowfall by James Russell Lowell. The three ways that they are similar is through the somber tone, the funeral images, and the gothic elements. All of these similarities are what helps the two poems create a mournful mood so that they can tell their melancholy poems. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Raven vs. The First Snowfall" essay for you Create order

The secret of great teachers Free Essays

Long ago, famous teachers did not go to monthly seminars before they can teach. They did not prepare lesson plans every night or prepare visual aids and powerpoint presentations and sophisticated audiovisual materials to accompany their talk. Yet they were regarded as great and influential teachers of our time. We will write a custom essay sample on The secret of great teachers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Why, you want to ask. Were they simply lucky to be good at public speaking? I’m talking about how Confucius teach, just one of the many teachers who made their names in our history not just for their teachings but for the way they reach to their audiences. All of these teachers used instructional method so that their followers can better understand and thus follow their teachings. Confucius, in particular, used presentation (or lecture) and demonstration when he teaches. Even today, these modes of instructions are still used. Confucius believes that for his disciples and followers to understand and adopt his teachings, he must live them and be an example. Demonstration is teaching by example, and this was what Confucius did. He also gave lectures, as this was the commonly used instructional method even before. Lectures serve well in sharing information to the audience, relaying history, theories and backgrounds and experiences. A lecture reaches a large number of people at one time. Although lectures are usually a one-way mode of communication, Confucius allows his followers to ask him questions. Through this answer-and-question portion, which Jesus also used when teaching, the followers can gain more insight and feedback from the teacher. Moreover, Confucius believes that through discussion he can reach to every individual he teaches. Aside from this, he knows that each person calls for different instructional approach to learn. Due to this, he used the educational approach in leading his followers towards the good life. Confucius, Jesus and Socrates, just to name a few, saw the importance of these methods for many reasons. Socrates believed in involving his students in a dialogue to argue a point. Jesus engaged his followers in question-and-answer sessions to give and share information. They used demonstration and presentation because they are very effective, evidenced by the many people who accepted their beliefs. These people further grasped their teachings by establishing churches and religions and keeping beliefs to honor their teachers. Just the number of their followers is enough evidence to show that they have maximized the potential of the instructional method they used. As for me, I think demonstration and presentation are very effective, whether in a classroom or domestic setting. Parents lecture their children about many things so that they learn, and they live as examples to their children by living what they preach. Even at school, these methods prove useful because students learn by what they see from their teachers. A survey of the most effective methods for instruction to address academic differences was conducted among teachers. The majority thinks that small group/cooperative learning is the most effective method. Modeling (demonstration) is ranked second, and question and answer, group discussion, individual instruction and lecture are ranked third. The teachers cited reasons why they think the methods are effective. First, learners have the chance to help and learn from each other throughout. This method refers to group discussions, experiments or projects. Then, teachers provide support and provide learning in different and multiple ways. They have the opportunity to share important ideas, give feedback and remediation, and help students to be on track by reinforcing structure and organization. REFERENCE Treat, Alena R., Ying Wang, Rajat Chadha and Michael Hart Dixon. (2006). Major Development in Instructional Technology: Prior to the 20th Century. How to cite The secret of great teachers, Essay examples

The Effect of a Mathematics Methodology Classroom on Self

Several teacher education studies have focused on teaching efficacy beliefs (Albayrak, 2011), because teaching efficacy beliefs influence the teacher’s effectiveness, attitude and behavior. The concept of self-efficacy, for instance, has been described by Bandura. Self efficacy, according to Bandura (1997) is the process whereby people develop the ability to organize and accomplish important tasks first.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of a Mathematics Methodology Classroom on Self-Efficacy of Pre-service Elementary Teachers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bandura (1997) posits that self efficacy influences the manner in which an individual approaches his goals, challenges and tasks. This concept lies at the heart of Bandura’s social cognitive theory. Most people would think of self efficacy as a belief that they can act in such a way that they will be successful in their endeavors. Orga nizing and doing important things first are certainly apart of that. On the broader side, social cognitive theory posits that what an individual observes in others plays a critical role in shaping his or her cognitive processes, as well as his or her social behaviors. According to the philosophy of self-efficacy, people should develop their own capacity to reach the essential degree of learning (Albayrak, 2011). The development of mathematics self-efficacy in pre-service elementary teachers who participate in mathematics education methods courses is the core subject of this paper. Self-efficacy beliefs usually â€Å"influence the manner in which people think, behave, and become motivated† (Albayrak, 2011, p.185). Efficacy beliefs also determine how much effort teachers will apply during the education process and how long their behavior will be sustained when they encounter obstacles while teaching (Albayrak, 2011). Kazempour (2008) makes it clear that the concept of self-effi cacy and the ideas of teacher-efficacy are related. He argues that teachers who are confident in their mathematical abilities are able to influence the mathematics learning methods of their students. Consequently, students’ belief levels will be enhanced affecting the success of particular students and of the learning environment. This has been seconded by findings from various studies. In one such study, the attitude of elementary primary teachers with respect to mathematics was found to be essential in shaping student’s current and future perceptions (Salzer, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Students’ attitudes and success are partly dependent on the elementary teachers’ attitude with respect to mathematics. Moreover, teachers should provide different types of feedback to students and use the appropriate learning methods to help students achieve pos itive results in their learning. Thus, teachers should believe that they are capable of improving the learning methods of different students in a classroom. Kazempour (2008) found that students’ performance depends considerably on their teacher’s efficacy, as teachers’ self-efficacy influences students’ achievement and motivation. Teacher’s efficacy has two dimensions: â€Å"personal teaching efficacy and teaching outcome expectancy† (Kazempour, 2008, p.10). Personal teaching efficacy refers to a teacher’s belief in his or her own ability to teach mathematics in an efficient manner. This significantly depends on the teacher’s attitude towards mathematics. If the teacher has a positive attitude, he or she is likely to teach mathematics in an efficient manner and boost the morale of his or her students. Conversely, teachers who have negative attitude towards mathematics are unlikely to teach mathematics in an effective manner; th is negatively affects the students’ attitudes and ultimately success. On the other hand, teaching outcome expectancy refers to the belief that a teacher’s mode of teaching is capable of influencing a student’s mode of learning in a positive manner. Teachers who ascribe to this philosophy believe that external factors such as family background, parental influence, IQ, school conditions, and home environment do not influence a student’s performance in mathematics once the teacher uses the appropriate strategy to enhance the student’s ability to learn and digest new information. This strategy can be considered as an adequate use of the teacher’s self-efficacy (Cone, 2009). Research shows that teachers who have a high level of teaching efficacy create a learning environment that encourages students to think productively. As Kazempour (2008) explains, teachers with high self-efficacy use such strategies as â€Å"student questioning, brainstormin g, and class discussions† (p.401).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of a Mathematics Methodology Classroom on Self-Efficacy of Pre-service Elementary Teachers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Brusal (2007) found that using self-efficacy in instilling mathematics literacy allows teachers to improve the performance of their students regardless of whether their students come from challenging home backgrounds. Self-efficacious teachers use student-centered approaches that stress the role of students in the learning process and make them feel that they contribute to the learning process as well. In the course of a discussion, according to Bursal (2007), this will make students feel that their opinions matter and they will become more interested in the subject. This study will use mixed methods. The data will be collected through questionnaires and interviews to gain a deeper understanding of how self- efficacy influences the mathematics teaching of pre-service teachers. The study will gather data from future mathematics teachers both male and female in the field of early childhood education to analyze and assess how the self-efficacy of teachers influences their students. An electronic survey will be carried out using Quartic software. Quatic software is a tool based on android platform and is used in scientific calculations. Five randomly selected teachers will be interviewed to judge how the progress of future teachers with and without self-efficacy (their perception towards mathematics) is affected by the methodology course. References Albayrak, M. (2011). The effect of methods of teaching mathematics course on mathematics teaching efficacy beliefs of elementary pre-service mathematics teachers. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 16(1), 183-190. Bandura, L. (1997). Self Efficay: The Exercise of Control. New York, N.Y: W.H. Freeman and Company. Bursal, M. ( 2007). Turkish preservice elementary teachers’ self- efficacy beliefs regarding mathematics and science teachng. International Journal of science and Mathematics Education, 8(4), 649-666.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cone, N. (2009). Pre-service elementary teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs about equitable science teaching: Does service learning make a difference? Journal of Elementary Science Education, 21(2), 25-34. Kazempour, M. (2008). Exploring attitudes, beliefs, and self efficacy of pre-service elementary teachers enrolled in a science methods course and factors responsible for possible changes. Retrieved from ProQuestDigital Dissertations. (AAT 3324538). Salzer, (2010). The Impact of Exerience on Elematry School Teacher Efffcetive Realtionship with Mathematics. Illinois: Olivet Nazarene University. This essay on The Effect of a Mathematics Methodology Classroom on Self-Efficacy of Pre-service Elementary Teachers was written and submitted by user Jaycob H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Americas Involvement In World Affairs Since 1945 essays

America's Involvement In World Affairs Since 1945 essays America's Involvement In World Affairs Since 1945 Since 1945 the United States government has been increasingly concerned with problems all over the world in various continents. Three countries we were concerned with for different reasons were North Korea, Cuba, and South Africa. Difficulties occurred in each of these nations that the United States had to overcome to maintain its worldwide power and influence. During the final stages of World War II and through early years of the Cold War President Truman ran our country. He opposed the spread of communism in Europe and Korea. One foreign problem he got our country involved in was the Korean War, which took place from June of 1950 until July of 1953. Our country got involved in this war to prevent the spread of communism from North Korea into South Korea. Communist North Korea, under Kim II Sung, started the war and moved troops over the 38th parallel (boundary between North and South Korea) into South Korea. This initial attack led North Korean troops all the way deep into South Korea, which made it difficult from the beginning for the United States to push North Korean troops back into their country. Under President Truman, General MacArthur moved troops into South Korea to push North Korean troops north back to the 38th parallel and eventually into North Korea. China, who had a treaty with the Soviet Union, then entered the war agai nst the United States because we were striking the North Korean troops on the Yalu River, which was the border of China and North Korea. They entered the war with 180,000 soldiers. This made it more difficult for the United States to keep the South Korean troops in North Korea. MacArthur wanted an air attack on China and Truman rejected it because he feared the Soviets would get involved in the war. MacArthur then hinted that Truman was "soft on communism" and that he favored appeasement. There was a second attempt of North Korea and China...

If the French Supposer Hypothesizes, Add Subjunctive

If the French Supposer Hypothesizes, Add Subjunctive When  supposer  (to  suppose or to assume) is used with a dependent clause beginning with  que, the dependent clause may use a subjunctive verb, depending on how supposer is used. When it expresses an assumption, no:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je suppose quil le fait.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I assume that he is doing it. When the subject is presenting a hypothesis, yes:      Supposons quil le fasse.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lets suppose that he does it. Supposer que joins a long list of similar verbs and expressions of doubt, possibility, supposition, and opinion; they all also need the subjunctive in the  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹que  subordinate clause. Supposer and Supposer Que Supposer que,  when used to express an hypothesis,  fulfills the subjunctives underlying requirement  of  expressing actions or ideas that are subjective or otherwise uncertain. As with  this use of supposer  que,  the French subjunctive  is nearly always found in dependent clauses introduced by  que  or  qui, and the subjects of the dependent and main clauses are usually different, as in:      Je veux que tu le fasses.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I want you to do it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut que nous partions.  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is necessary that we leave. French Verbs and Expressions Similar to Supposer Que Here are other verbs and expressions that, like  supposer que,  can communicate  doubt, possibility, supposition, and opinion. They all require the subjunctive in the dependent clause that  begins with  que.  There are many other types of constructions that need the French subjunctive as well, which are explained and listed in the full-on  subjunctivator  (our term). accepter que   to acceptsattendre ce que  Ã‚  to expect thatchercher ... qui*  Ã‚  to look fordà ©tester que  Ã‚  to hate thatdouter que**  Ã‚  to doubt thatil est convenable que  Ã‚  it is proper/fitting/appropriate thatil est douteux que**  Ã‚  it is doubtful thatil est faux que  Ã‚  it is false thatil est impossible que  Ã‚  it is impossible thatil est improbable que  Ã‚  it is improbable thatil est juste que  Ã‚  it is right/fair thatil est possible que  Ã‚  it is possible thatil est peu probable que  Ã‚  it is not very likely  thatil nest pas certain que  Ã‚  it is not certain thatil nest pas clair que  Ã‚  it is not clear thatil nest pas à ©vident que  Ã‚  it is not obvious thatil nest pas exact que  Ã‚  it is not correct thatil nest pas probable que  Ã‚  it is unlikely thatil nest pas sà »r que  Ã‚  it is not certain thatil nest pas vrai que  Ã‚  it is not true thatil semble que  Ã‚  it seems thatil se peut que  Ã‚  it may be t hatle fait que  Ã‚  the fact thatnier que***  Ã‚  to deny thatrefuser que  Ã‚  to refusesupposer que  Ã‚  to suppose / assume; to hypothesize *When you are looking for someone who may not exist, this indicates doubt and therefore requires the subjunctive in the dependent clause:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je cherche un homme qui sache la và ©rità ©.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Im looking for a man who knows the truth. **These do not take the subjunctive when they are used negatively:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je doute quil vienne. I  doubt hes coming.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je ne doute pas quil vient.   I dont doubt hes coming. ***When  nier  is in the negative, its followed by the the more formal ne explà ©tif, which uses only ne  (without pas).      Il na pas nià © quelle ne soit partie.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He didnt deny that she left. Additional Resources The SubjunctivatorQuiz: Subjunctive or indicative?

Astra Planeta Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Astra Planeta - Assignment Example Twinkle 5 is a suitable name for this company because the first thing that comes to the mind of most Europeans and Americans when they hear the word â€Å"Twinkle† is â€Å"star†. Since the name has to be connected to â€Å"Five Stars†, â€Å"Twinkle 5† is a name that shares the theme as well as number. Twinkle 5 is also suitable because it will be the first bicycle and e-scooter company in Europe and America that will be called Twinkle 5, so the name lends the company a unique identity. A very important aspect of Twinkle 5 is that it carries the themes of tidiness, neatness, cleanliness, and perfection. Sparkle is the word used for shining and twinkling. It is commonly used in the toothpaste ads. Sparkle shares the theme of shining and twinkling with the â€Å"Five Stars.† Sparkle is a very simple yet sophisticated name that never goes out of trend. Besides, there is no bicycle and e-scooter company named Sparkle in Europe or America. To hear the name Sparkle, a bicycle or e-scooter is not the first thing that comes to mind; but then all this company is about is innovation, creativity, and drama. Even if not technically, the name does lend a feeling of cleanliness and tidiness that is the embodiment of this work. The name Tri-Prism is the short form of Triangular Prism. â€Å"Tri-Prism† is a suitable name for this company because a triangular prism has five faces through which light passes and refracts or reflects. This has quite a lot in common with â€Å"Five Stars† both in terms of number and in terms of function. Stars also serve as a source of light. Tri-Prism is a fancy name unheard of in the bicycle and e-scooter industry as the name of a shop before in Europe or America. It is easy to pronounce and yet, its uniqueness leaves a trace on the mind of the listener. â€Å"Shine at Prime† is a very different name and has a theme to share with â€Å"Five Stars.† Prime is also connected to the word â€Å"primary† which in academic terms is translated as â€Å"five†. Shining is a function of stars. So joined together, shine at prime not only relates to â€Å"Five Stars† but also generates a beautiful message to the customers.

Public Anthropology in Environmental Degradation Research Paper

Public Anthropology in Environmental Degradation - Research Paper Example The main concern of anthropologist is to find solution to major environmental problems by identifying the major and minor causes of environmental problems. In succint study of environmental degradation, both the ecological and environmental ecology are applied but environmental anthropology stands to be the one mostly applied in this study because it covers wide range of field. The environmental ecology encompasses such studies as political ecology, primate ecology, and evolutionary ecology. On the other hand, ecological ecology refers to a particular research concerning single ecosystem for instance environmental degradation. With this, the research paper provides an overview of contemporary anthropology in the area of environmental degradation. Environmental degradation is the destruction of the natural resources by intentional and or un-intentional activities by human beings of by natural phenomena. This encompasses the destruction of soil, trees and other natural scenes like rive rs and mountains. When the natural resources are polluted, the ecosystem is degraded. Hence, public anthropologists seek to find solutions to the adverse environmental degradation (Ervin 385). ... inally, public anthropology was concerned with cultural contexts in which human being relates to the environment and also appreciating different cultural differences. Public anthropology states that, environmental problems are as a result of cultural and historical configurations (Ervin 385). In addition, human beings are not only confronted by cultural differences and adaptation but also cultural commonalities in terms of resource scarcity and habitat loss as a result of environmental degradation. That is why public anthropology focuses on looking for possible solutions as a result of environmental degradation. Consumption rates in different countries affect the rate of environmental degradation. This is because the pollutants that lead to environmental degradation mostly come from the material goods that are consumed by human beings. Environmental degradation according environmental anthropologists does not only affect human race but also the living things in different habitats (Go ldschmidt 791). Thus, when human beings pollute the environment they affect other creatures in different habitats for instance sea creatures in the sea. Over time, public anthropologists focus on issues, which relate to environmental and social justice on issues concerning environmental degradation (Suhrke 475). They focus on environmental justice to solve issues on equitable distribution of resources and providing a clean environment for the human race and other species in a given environment. Environmental justice seeks to bring out issues concerning environmental degradation by ensuring that environmental problems are distributed equally in a given country. This is to reduce environmental burdens concerning the issues of preventing hazardous pollutants to the minority groups such as the

Domestic violence: A brief critical analysis of impact and interventions

Domestic violence: A brief critical analysis of impact and interventions DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: A BRIEF CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPACT AND INTERVENTIONS BUILT ON A DEFINITIONAL, HISTORICAL, AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATION â€Å"And yet I fear you, for youre fatal then When your eyes roll so. Why I should fear I know not, Since guiltiness I know not, but yet I feel I fear.† Introduction The introductory quotation by Desdemona expresses her fear of Othello’s rage (Shakespeare, 1604, cited in Meyersfeld, 2003) at the same time eloquently conveying the terror implicit in domestic violence and demonstrating that domestic violence is not a new phenomenon. Neither is domestic violence a rare occurrence. According to the British government, domestic violence affects millions of lives. The following statistics are quoted from the official government website (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic violence mini-site, 2005): one in four women and one in six men will be victims of domestic violence in their lifetime with women at greater risk of repeat victimisation and serious injury; 89 percent of those suffering four or more incidents are women; one incident of domestic violence is reported to the police every minute; on average, two women a week are killed by a current or former male partner; and domestic violence accounts for 16 percent of all violent crime. This essay will demonstrate that the issue of domestic violence is a complex one, much more complex than the term itself might convey. Indeed, domestic violence is complex in terms of its very definition, complex in terms of its theoretical explanations, complex in terms of gender relevance, complex in terms of its effects, and complex in terms of interventions to prevent and deal with its occurrence. The essay begins with a presentation and critique of various definitions for domestic violence, an exploration of the historical evolution of domestic violence as a societal concern, and a discussion and critique of theoretical explanations for domestic violence including consideration of the relevance of gender. This foundation will be used as a basis for exploring the impact of domestic violence upon its direct and indirect victims and the value and efficacy of the current resources, initiatives, and support networks used in combating domestic violence and assisting its victims. Final ly, concluding remarks will be presented. A Critique on Definitions of Domestic Violence Finding a generally-accepted definition for domestic violence proved to be an elusive endeavor. This may be because there is no consensus definition of the term (Laurence and Spalter-Roth, 1996; Contemporary Womens Issues Database, May 1996; Contemporary Womens Issues Database, July 1996). Each writer seems to define the term to fit his or her topic or agenda. For instance, Chez (1994, cited in Gibson-Howell, 1996), in focusing on female victims of domestic violence, defines the term as â€Å"the repeated subjection of a woman to forceful physical, social, and psychological behavior to coerce her without regard to her rights.† Some definitions are basic and general: â€Å"a pattern of regularly occurring abuse and violence, or the threat of violence, in an intimate (though not necessarily cohabitating) relationship† (Gibson-Howell, 1996, citing Loring and Smith, 1994). Other definitions are comprehensive and specific (Manor, 1996; Neufield, 1996; Asian Pages, 1998; Josi ah, 1998; Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 1999; Danis, 2003; Verkaik, 2003). The more comprehensive definitions, although phrased differently, typically possess the following common elements: a pattern of abusive behavior (as contrasted to a single event); the abusive behavior involves control, coercion, and/or power; the abusive behavior may be physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and/or financial; and the victim of the abusive behavior is a cohabitating or non-cohabitating intimate partner or spouse. The British government has adopted one of the more expansive descriptions of domestic violence, one that includes all of the foregoing elements: â€Å"Any incident of threatening behaviour, violence or abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional) between adults who are or have been intimate partners or family members, regardless of gender or sexuality. Beyond the basic definition, the government furnishes further description of domestic violence as â€Å"a pattern of abusive and controlling behaviour† by which the abuser attempts to gain power over the victim. The government contends that domestic violence crosses age, gender, racial, sexuality, wealth, and geographical lines. (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic violence mini-site, 2005) Interestingly, the definition offered by the government expands the description to include other â€Å"family members† in addition to â€Å"intimate partners.† Historical Evolution of the Recognition of Domestic Violence as a Societal Concern The issue of domestic violence, particularly violence against female spouses, was a topic of societal concern dating from the first marriage law instituted by Romulus in 75 B.C. But the concern was not in preventing domestic violence; to the contrary; the concern was in support of â€Å"wife beating†Ã¢â‚¬â€legally and institutionally—a condition that existed through the early twentieth century. (Danis, 2003, citing Dobash and Dobash, 1979). English common law, until the late nineteenth century, â€Å"structured marriage to give a husband superiority over his wife in most aspects of the relationship.† This â€Å"sanctioned superiority† gave the husband the right to â€Å"command his wife’s obedience, and subject her to corporal punishment or ‘chastisement’ if she defied his authority.† (Tuerkheimer, 2004, citing Siegel, 1996) The beginning of the twentieth century witnessed the dismantling of laws specifically condoning control a nd violence; however, the laws were not replaced by codes that protected victims from abuse. Instead, â€Å"marital privacy† became the standard. Essentially, abuse was considered to be a family problem, not one in which society had an interest. (Turekheimer, 2004) Not until the feminist movement of the late 1960s and 1970s was public interest in domestic violence piqued (Danis, 2003, citing Schechter, 1982). With little public or private funding, feminist activists set up shelters for female victims of domestic violence. They also pressed for laws to punish offenders and promoted training of social workers and other professions to recognize domestic violence and treat its victims. (Contemporary Women’s Issues Database, May 1996). From these humble beginnings, over the last thirty-plus years, public awareness has been enhanced dramatically, increasing amounts of public and private funding have been allocated for shelters, domestic violence laws have been strengthened, and social workers and other professionals (e.g. school personnel, healthcare professionals, police officers) have been trained to recognize signs of, and provide treatment to those affected by, domestic violence. Today, in the early years of the new millennium, the way in which society views domestic violence is continuing to evolve. Physical abuse of wives was the initial focus of intervention initiatives. Drawing on research presented earlier, sexual, emotional, psychological, and financial abuse have been added to physical abuse as types of domestic violence. And, many definitions of victims of domestic violence now include, in addition to wives, husbands and domestic partners of the same or different sex. Increasingly, too, children in the domestic arrangement are being included as victims of domestic violence. Theoretical Explanations for Domestic Violence and the Relevance of Gender Just as there is a lack of consensus on a single definition for domestic violence, â€Å"there is no single recognized causal theory for domestic violence.† In the absence of a single theory, at least four theories are used to explain why domestic violence occurs: social exchange/deterrence, social learning, feminist, and the ecological framework. (Danis, 2003) These theories, with their relevance to domestic violence, will be presented and critiqued in this section. A discussion of the relevance of gender in domestic violence will close out the section. Under the social exchange theory, human interaction is driven by pursuing rewards and avoiding punishments and costs. (Danis, 2003, citing Blau, 1964). Gelles and Cornell (1985, 1990, cited in Danis, 2003) contend that domestic violence occurs when costs do not outweigh rewards. Costs in this context include the potential for defensive physical action by the victim, potential of being arrested and imprisoned, loss of personal status, and dissolution of the domestic arrangement. The social learning theory suggests that people learn to be violent by being immediately rewarded or punished after they commit violent behavior, through what is called reinforcement, and by watching the experiences of others, called modeling (Danis, 2003, citing Bandura, 1973). According to some experts, there is a correlation between people who witness abusive behavior in their earlier lives and those who commit domestic violence later. (Danis, 2003, citing O’Leary, 1987). According to feminist theory, domestic violence emanates from a â€Å"patriarchal† school system which assigns men the responsibility for controlling and managing female partners (Danis, 2003, citing Dobash and Dobash, 1979; Yllo, 1993). Under this theory, domestic violence is attributed to a flaw in societal structure rather than to any specific individual male pathology. Finally, the ecological framework theory, in contending that no single theory can be used in explaining or predicting domestic violence, proposes risk factors for domestic violence and interventions to address it at three levels—the micro level (e.g. batterer programs), the meso level (e.g. police and the courts), and the macro level (e.g. a coordinated community approach). (Danis, 2003, citing Crowell and Burgess, 1996; Chalk and King, 1998). Each of these four theories offers valuable insight into domestic violence. For instance, the social exchange theory offers a basis for law enforcement and prosecution of offenders; the social learning theory helps to explain why children who witness abuse sometimes grow up to be abusers themselves thereby providing rationale for corrective interventions to â€Å"unlearn† abusive behavior; and the feminist theory supports interventions targeted at helping batterers to reform and helping to empower victims. But none of these theories seems to provide a comprehensive foundation on which a comprehensive approach for dealing with the many causal and outcome dimensions of domestic violence can be built. The more integrated ecological framework theory, however, seems to furnish the needed basis for such a comprehensive approach. Now attention will turn to the topic of the relevance of gender in domestic violence. Historically, as mentioned earlier, wives were considered to be the only victims of domestic violence. Today, husbands as well as same- or different-sex non-married partners are considered to be victims as well (Cruz, 2003). Although the statistics vary significantly (Leo, 1994), some indicating that the same number of men as women are victims of domestic violence (Leo, 1994; Simerman, 2002), most experts agree than women are most often the victims and, when they are victimized, the damage is usually more serious. The indication that women are most often victims has now gained official recognition. The British government contends that, although domestic violence is not restricted to a specific gender, â€Å"it consists mainly of violence by men against women.† (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic violence mini-site, 2005) The Potential Impact of Domestic Violence on Females, Mothers, and Children According to the Contemporary Women’s Issues Database (January 1996), â€Å"the most common victims (of domestic violence) are women and children.† With the acknowledgement that domestic violence affects men as well as women, the focus of the discussion in this section will be on the potential impact of domestic violence on females, generally, and on females in their role as mothers as well as on their children. Domestic violence against women can result in serious physical injuries, psychological trauma, and mental strain (Wha-soon, 1994). According to Wha-soon, physical injuries include â€Å"severe headaches, bruises, bone fractures, loss of eyesight, nervous paralysis, insomnia and indigestion,† and psychological trauma can include â€Å"anxiety, a sense of powerlessness, and a loss of self-respect and self-confidence.† Psychological effects can lead to suicide in some cases. Winkvist (2001) echoes these psychological effects and adds that battered women are also more likely to experience sexual and reproductive health disorders. Effects are not restricted to those that are physical and psychological in nature, however. Women can be financially impacted as well. Brown and Kenneym (1996) contend that women, in an effort to flee their attackers, may â€Å"give up financial security and their homes† in favor of safety. Mothers may experience additional negative effects from domestic violence. Starr (2001) contends that domestic violence against mothers â€Å"is associated with harmful implications for mental health and parenting, as well as for the offspring.† According to Starr, mothers who are in an environment of domestic violence suffer worse outcomes for themselves and for their children. Isaac (1997) suggests that abuse of mothers and children are linked, stating that from thirty to almost sixty percent of mothers reported for child abuse were themselves abused. Hewitt (2002) claims that ninety percent of occurrences of domestic violence are witnessed either directly or indirectly by children. Children can be affected in at least two ways by domestic violence. According to the British government, they can be traumatized by violence they witness against others in the relationship even when they are not the specific targets of the violence (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic violence mini-site, 2005). According to Hewitt (2002), children suffer low self-esteem, isolation, trauma, and homelessness that they may not manifest until later in life. They may also suffer from maladies such as worry, sadness, focus and concentration difficulties, forgetfulness, headaches and stomachaches, lying, and â€Å"poor impulse control,† according to Salisbury and Wichmann (2004). Importantly, there is also a strong correlation between domestic violence and child abuse, a point which reinforces Isaac’s position mentioned earlier (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic violence mini-site, 2005). Edleson (1999, cited in Spath, 2003) takes the same position in stating that â€Å"numerous research studies over the last several decades have reported a connection between domestic violence and child maltreatment within families.† And, finally, as mentioned earlier, the social learning theory would suggest that children who witness violence learn that violence is an acceptable way to settle disputes. Supporting this, Wha-soon (1994) writes that the â€Å"learning of violence causes a cycle of violence.† An Assessment of the Value and Efficacy of Domestic Violence Interventions Methods for dealing with domestic violence generally fall into three categories: prevention, protection, and justice (M2 Presswire, 1998). As the terms imply, prevention attempts to avert incidences of domestic violence through methods such as education and counseling; protection involves attempts to prevent further injury through methods such as removing victims from the situation and ordering offenders to stay away from their victims; and justice involves retribution against domestic violence offenders. The value and efficacy of prevention, protection, and justice methods used in dealing with domestic violence are difficult to measure. A reason for this was mentioned earlier: the lack of a consensus definition for domestic violence itself. (Contemporary Women’s Issues Database, May 1996). Nevertheless, there has been some attempt at measuring performance anecdotally. According to the Contemporary Women’s Issues Database (April 1993): â€Å"Currently, the two most common forms of social intervention are mechanisms that help her to leave (such as emergency shelters) and having him arrested†¦(but) neither of these interventions is ideal.† And, police and judicial interventions do not seem to fair much better as illustrated by the case of Samuel Gutierrez who killed his domestic partner, Kelly Gonzalez, in Chicago, Illinois in the United States after multiple beatings, arrests, and various court interventions (Hanna, 1998). That domestic violence still exists as such a serious social problem is probably the best evidence that current methods for preventing it, protecting its victims, and exacting justice on offenders are not working especially well. Perhaps the future will be brighter. Newer perspectives, such as that offered by the ecological framework theory, offer some hope. It seems that taking a comprehensive, integrated approach could potentially be substantially more effective as the various public and private components work together in a cooperative, synergistic arrangement with one goal—the welfare of the potential or actual victim. One expert even suggests that this combined public-private approach could be enhanced further by adding a third component—the family (nuclear family, extended family, intimate family, close relationships)—to the formal, integrated support arrangement (Kelly, 2004). Conclusion Public and private organizations continue to increase their attention to domestic violence. In the United Kindgom, The Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 furnishes greater authority to police and the courts in dealing with cases of domestic violence and in providing protection to victims. Aditionally, the British government’s recently issued national domestic violence action plan sets forth ambitious goals (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic Violence, 2005) quoted as follows: reduce the prevalence of domestic violence; increase the rate that domestic violence is reported; increase the rate of domestic violence offences that are brought to justice; ensure victims of domestic violence are adequately protected and supported nationwide; and reduce the number of domestic violence related homicides. Returning to the introductory quotation, had Shakespeare’s Desdemona been alive today, perhaps she would have some hope that she would not forever be in such great fear of Othello’s rage. References Asian Pages (1998) What is domestic violence? November 14, 1998. Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: John Wiley Sons. Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Brown, Karen R. and Kenneym, Catherine T. (1996) Report from the front lines: The impact of violence on poor women [Part 1 of 5]. Contemporary Womens Issues Database, January 1, 1996. Chalk, R., King, A. (1998). (Eds.). Violence in families: Assessing prevention and treatment programs. Washington, DC: National Research Council/National Academy of Sciences. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Chez, N (1994) Helping the victim of domestic violence. American Nursing 1994;94(7):32-37. Cited in Cited in Gibson-Howell, Joan C. (1996) Domestic violence identification and referral. Journal of Dental Hygiene, March 1, 1996. Contemporary Women’s Issues Database (1996) Domestic and sexual violence data collection [Part 3 of 9], July 1, 1996. Contemporary Women’s Issues Database (1996) Measuring the costs of domestic violence against women and the cost-effectiveness of interventions [Part 1 of 6], May 1, 1996. Contemporary Women’s Issues Database (1993) Men beating women: Ending domestic violence—a qualitative and quantitative study of public attitudes on violence against women [Part 3 of 7], April 1, 1993. Contemporary Womens Issues Database (1996) You or someone you know may live in a home where domestic violence is a problem, January 1, 1996. CrimeReduction.gov.uk (2005), Domestic violence http://www.crimereduction.gov.uk/domesticviolence51.htm, April 4, 2005 [April 11, 2005]. CrimeReduction.gov.uk (2005), Domestic violence mini-site http://www.crimereduction.gov.uk/dv01.htm, April 4, 2005 [April 9, 2005]. Crowell, N. A., and Burgess, A. W. (1996). (Eds.). Understanding violence against women. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Cruz, J. Michael (2003) Why doesnt he just leave? Gay male domestic violence and the reasons victims stay. The Journal of Mens Studies, March 22, 2003. Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Dobash, R. E., and Dobash, R. (1979). Violence against wives: A case against the patriarchy. New York: Free Press. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Edleson, J. L. (1999). The overlap between child maltreatment and woman battering. Violence Against Women, 5(2), 134-154. Cited in Spath, Robin (2003) Child protection professionals identifying domestic violence indicators: implications for social work education. Journal of Social Work Education, September 22, 2003. Gelles, R. J., Cornell, C. P. (1985). Intimate violence in families. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Gelles, R. J., Cornell, C. P. (1990). Intimate violence in families (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Gibson-Howell, Joan C. (1996) Domestic violence identification and referral. Journal of Dental Hygiene, March 1, 1996. Hanna, Cheryl (1998) The paradox of hope: the crime and punishment of domestic violence. William and Mary Law Review, May 1, 1998. Hewitt, Kim (2002), Silent victims of violence in home. The News Letter (Belfast, Northern Ireland), September 14, 2002. Isaac, Nancy E. (1997) Response to battered mothers in the pediatric emergency department: a call for an interdisciplinary approach to family violence. Pediatrics, February 1, 1997. Josiah, Ivy (1998) Education through radio. Contemporary Womens Issues Database, January 2, 1998. Kelly, Kristin A. (2004) Working together to stop domestic violence: state-community partnerships and the changing meaning of public and private. Journal of Sociology Social Welfare, March 1, 2004. Laurence, Louise and Spalter-Roth, Roberta (1996) Research-in-brief: Measuring the costs of domestic violence against women [Part 1 of 2] Contemporary Womens Issues Database, January 1, 1996. Leo, John (1994) Is it a war against women? U.S. News World Report, July 11, 1994. Loring, M. T. and Smith, R. W. (1994) Health care barriers and interventions for battered women. Public Health Reports 1994;109(3):322-329. Cited in Gibson-Howell, Joan C. (1996) Domestic violence identification and referral. Journal of Dental Hygiene, March 1, 1996. M2 Presswire (1998) Home Office: Prevention, protection and justice: A comprehensive approach to tackle domestic violence, June 16, 1998. Manor, John H. (1996) Helping abusers out of the domestic violence equation. Michigan Chronicle, January 30, 1996. Meyersfeld, Bonita C. (2003) Reconceptualizing domestic violence in international law. Albany Law Review, December 22, 2003. Neufield, Brenda (1996) SAFE questions: overcoming barriers to the detection of domestic violence. American Family Physician, June 1, 1996. OLeary, K. D. (1987). Physical aggression between spouses: A social learning theory perspective. In V. B. Van Hasselt, R. L. Morrison, A. S. Bellack, M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of family violence (pp. 31-55). New York: Plenum Press. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Salisbury, Sarah and Wichmann, Lee Anne (2004), Seen or unseen, domestic violence traumatizes children. The Register-Guard, August 29, 2004. Schechter, S. (1982) Women and male violence: The visions and struggles of the battered womens movement. Boston: South End Press. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Seattle Post-Intelligencer (1999) Domestic violence: Give us statistics we can work with. July 16, 1999. Shakespeare, William (1604), Othello act 5. sc. 2. Edited by Sanders, Norman. Cambridge University Press, 1984. Cited in Meyersfeld, Bonita C. (2003) Reconceptualizing domestic violence in international law. Albany Law Review, December 22, 2003. Siegel, Reva B. (1996), The rule of love: Wife beating as prerogative and privacy, 105 YALE L.J. 2117. Tuerkheimer, Deborah (2004), Recognizing and remedying the harm of battering: A call to criminalize domestic violence. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, June 22, 2004. Simerman, John (2002) Men, too, fall victim to abuse in big numbers. Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service, November 25, 2002. Spath, Robin (2003) Child protection professionals identifying domestic violence indicators: implications for social work education. Journal of Social Work Education, September 22, 2003. Starr, Raymond H., Jr. (2001) Type and timing of mothers victimization: effects on mother and children. Pediatrics, April 1, 2001. Tuerkheimer, Deborah (2004), Recognizing and remedying the harm of battering: A call to criminalize domestic violence. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, June 22, 2004. Verkaik, Robert (2003) One man in six `a victim of domestic violence. The Independent, September 24, 2003. Wha-soon, Byun (1994) A study on the prevention of and countermeasures against domestic violence [Part 1 of 2]. Contemporary Womens Issues Database, January 1, 1994. Winkvist, Anna (2001) Researching domestic violence against women: Methodological and ethical considerations. Studies in Family Planning, March 1, 2001. Yllo, K. A. (1993). Through a feminist lens: Gender, power, and violence. In R. J. Gelles D. R. Loseke (Eds.), Current controversies on family violence (pp. 47-62). Newbury Park, GA: Sage Publications. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003.

Nepali Music

Nepal Music The rhythm, beats, bounce of Nepali traditional folk and classical music is spiritual enough to sooth you and entertaining enough to cheer you. Music is associated with every event in Nepal, then be it birth, marriage,festivals or National events. Various songs, musical instruments and dances are connected with various religious, social and cultural life of the Nepalese. Music is the heartbeat of Nepal. Music is associated to every event of life, then be it festivals, feasts, marriage, birth ceremonies or funeral processions.The main genres of Nepali music are pop, rock, folk, and classical. There are a number of other genres that are yet to be cataloged. Fast Facts Traditional Nepali Music| Imported Music| Newari Music| Indian MusicBhajanFilmi music| Khas Music| Western MusicRock & RollRockMetalLatinoPunkHip-HopRap| Gurung Music| | Kirant Music| | Tamang Music| | Magar Music| | Sherpa Music| | Maithili Music| | Bhojpuri Music| | Popular Indigenous Nepalese Music The foll owing music genres have their roots in Nepal and are therefore considered to be indigenous.This includes:- Newari Music The Newars are well-known for their Newari music. It mainly consists of percussion instruments, some wind instruments and no string instruments. All the castes have their musical tunes and bands. Music is cherished by people of all walks of life. There are tunes of certain festivals and seasons and even of certain times of day. The God of artists called Nasadya is found in all the Newar localities. The presence of a Newari musical band in a guthi is considered as a sign of opulence. Khas MusicKhas music belongs to the Khas society where castes like Damai used to play a number of instruments on occasions such as marriages, birth and other feasts. This tradition is now on decline owing to the growing popularity of television, radio and other means of mass communication. The minstrels used to play instruments like Sarangi but even the Gaine are declining in number. La tin music history Latin music  is the result of a complex social and historical process that took place in the Americas after the arrival of Columbus.Despite the traumatic experience, Latin music is one of the positive outcomes that came from that process. The following is a brief introduction to Latin music history that takes a look at the cultural mix and social environment that ended up producing one of the best music genres in the entire world. Indigenous Music Generally speaking, Latin music history starts with the cultural encounter that occurred after the arrival of Columbus. However, it is important to remember that the indigenous people of the New World had their own music.For instance, the Maya culture gave great attention to music producing all kinds of percussion and wind instruments. Wind instruments were very popular among Pre-Columbian cultures. All kinds of flutes were made all over the American continent and fortunately, this original expression has persisted to d ate intraditional Latin music  like South America's Andean music. The Arrival of Europeans to The New World Language was the first contribution that the Spanish and Portuguese powers brought to the New World.Latin music is, in fact, defined to a large extend by the Spanish and Portuguese languages. While Portuguese came to define the music from  Brazil, Spanish language defined the rest of Latin America. The second contribution that Europeans brought to the new land was their music. In fact, when the Spanish conquerors arrived to the American continent their homeland had rich musical expressions that included traditions from both the European and the Arab worlds. Along with their music, Europeans also brought their instruments.Originally, these instruments were intended to recreate the music that was played in Europe. However, they soon became the ideal tools to express the feelings of the new inhabitants that were defining the roots of Latin America. The African Influence The A frican slaves that arrived to the New World brought with them all the traditions and beats from their continent. The African influence in Latin music is so big that this could be the single most important element in Latin music history. That influence, of course, does not touch all the rhythms and styles that belong to Latin music.However, if we just take a look at the music that has come from Brazil and the Caribbean, then we know how significant this influence is. Samba,  Salsa,  Merengue,  Bachata,  Timba, and many more, are just some of the rhythms that have been shaped by African beats. The full picture about this influence includes also African-American music. In particular, the development of Jazz had a tremendous impact in the making of Latin music rhythms such as Mambo,Bossa Nova, and Latin Jazz. More recently, African-American styles like R;B and Hip-Hop have defined the development of  Latin music genres  such asReggaeton  and Urban music.A Social Phenomenon The encounter of the three cultures mentioned before created the dynamic social environment that has shaped Latin music since the colonial times. This environment has been nurtured by foreign sounds, regional traditions, class divisions, and even national identities. Latin Pop  and  Rock en Espanol  have been shaped by the foreign sounds of Rock, Alternative and Pop music. Regional traditions like the cowboy way of life in the plains of  Colombia  and Venezuela have produced  Llanera  music.Social conditions, especially those created by immigration and class divisions, are behind the development of  Tango  in Argentina. Traditional Mexican music  was largely defined by a feeling of national identity that was incorporated into Mariachi music after the Mexican Revolution. Considering all this, a serious study of Latin music history is definitely an overwhelming task. However, there is no other way to deal with it. Latin music is a complex phenomenon that reflects the complex history of Latin America, a mixed region whose social environment has forged some of the most beautiful sounds in the world. Nepali Music Nepal Music The rhythm, beats, bounce of Nepali traditional folk and classical music is spiritual enough to sooth you and entertaining enough to cheer you. Music is associated with every event in Nepal, then be it birth, marriage,festivals or National events. Various songs, musical instruments and dances are connected with various religious, social and cultural life of the Nepalese. Music is the heartbeat of Nepal. Music is associated to every event of life, then be it festivals, feasts, marriage, birth ceremonies or funeral processions.The main genres of Nepali music are pop, rock, folk, and classical. There are a number of other genres that are yet to be cataloged. Fast Facts Traditional Nepali Music| Imported Music| Newari Music| Indian MusicBhajanFilmi music| Khas Music| Western MusicRock & RollRockMetalLatinoPunkHip-HopRap| Gurung Music| | Kirant Music| | Tamang Music| | Magar Music| | Sherpa Music| | Maithili Music| | Bhojpuri Music| | Popular Indigenous Nepalese Music The foll owing music genres have their roots in Nepal and are therefore considered to be indigenous.This includes:- Newari Music The Newars are well-known for their Newari music. It mainly consists of percussion instruments, some wind instruments and no string instruments. All the castes have their musical tunes and bands. Music is cherished by people of all walks of life. There are tunes of certain festivals and seasons and even of certain times of day. The God of artists called Nasadya is found in all the Newar localities. The presence of a Newari musical band in a guthi is considered as a sign of opulence. Khas MusicKhas music belongs to the Khas society where castes like Damai used to play a number of instruments on occasions such as marriages, birth and other feasts. This tradition is now on decline owing to the growing popularity of television, radio and other means of mass communication. The minstrels used to play instruments like Sarangi but even the Gaine are declining in number. La tin music history Latin music  is the result of a complex social and historical process that took place in the Americas after the arrival of Columbus.Despite the traumatic experience, Latin music is one of the positive outcomes that came from that process. The following is a brief introduction to Latin music history that takes a look at the cultural mix and social environment that ended up producing one of the best music genres in the entire world. Indigenous Music Generally speaking, Latin music history starts with the cultural encounter that occurred after the arrival of Columbus. However, it is important to remember that the indigenous people of the New World had their own music.For instance, the Maya culture gave great attention to music producing all kinds of percussion and wind instruments. Wind instruments were very popular among Pre-Columbian cultures. All kinds of flutes were made all over the American continent and fortunately, this original expression has persisted to d ate intraditional Latin music  like South America's Andean music. The Arrival of Europeans to The New World Language was the first contribution that the Spanish and Portuguese powers brought to the New World.Latin music is, in fact, defined to a large extend by the Spanish and Portuguese languages. While Portuguese came to define the music from  Brazil, Spanish language defined the rest of Latin America. The second contribution that Europeans brought to the new land was their music. In fact, when the Spanish conquerors arrived to the American continent their homeland had rich musical expressions that included traditions from both the European and the Arab worlds. Along with their music, Europeans also brought their instruments.Originally, these instruments were intended to recreate the music that was played in Europe. However, they soon became the ideal tools to express the feelings of the new inhabitants that were defining the roots of Latin America. The African Influence The A frican slaves that arrived to the New World brought with them all the traditions and beats from their continent. The African influence in Latin music is so big that this could be the single most important element in Latin music history. That influence, of course, does not touch all the rhythms and styles that belong to Latin music.However, if we just take a look at the music that has come from Brazil and the Caribbean, then we know how significant this influence is. Samba,  Salsa,  Merengue,  Bachata,  Timba, and many more, are just some of the rhythms that have been shaped by African beats. The full picture about this influence includes also African-American music. In particular, the development of Jazz had a tremendous impact in the making of Latin music rhythms such as Mambo,Bossa Nova, and Latin Jazz. More recently, African-American styles like R;B and Hip-Hop have defined the development of  Latin music genres  such asReggaeton  and Urban music.A Social Phenomenon The encounter of the three cultures mentioned before created the dynamic social environment that has shaped Latin music since the colonial times. This environment has been nurtured by foreign sounds, regional traditions, class divisions, and even national identities. Latin Pop  and  Rock en Espanol  have been shaped by the foreign sounds of Rock, Alternative and Pop music. Regional traditions like the cowboy way of life in the plains of  Colombia  and Venezuela have produced  Llanera  music.Social conditions, especially those created by immigration and class divisions, are behind the development of  Tango  in Argentina. Traditional Mexican music  was largely defined by a feeling of national identity that was incorporated into Mariachi music after the Mexican Revolution. Considering all this, a serious study of Latin music history is definitely an overwhelming task. However, there is no other way to deal with it. Latin music is a complex phenomenon that reflects the complex history of Latin America, a mixed region whose social environment has forged some of the most beautiful sounds in the world.